GENERAL AMPLIFIER CONCEPTS:

• Control source models
• Cascade of amplifier stages
• Frequency response considerations

• Discuss the operation of an ideal amp. & define its voltage gain and draw the circuit model for a complete amp. & define input impedance & voltage gain.
• Draw the complete circuit model for the combination of an amp. with source & load, showing loading effects at input & output terminals & determine the loaded gain.
• Draw the complete circuit model for the cascade arrangement of several amps. stages along with the source & loa, showing end loading effects & stage interaction effects & determine the loaded gain.
• Stage the mathematical form of the transfer function of the one pole low pass model, define its major parameter & sketch the forms of the amplitude & phase response functions.
  

IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER ANALYSIS & DESIGN:

• Operational amplifiers
• Control sources
• Linear combination circuit
  
  
  

• Draw a diagram showing how two power supplies are used to provide power to an op-amp & indicate the reference ground terminal.
• Estimate the op-amp saturation voltage from a knowledge of the power supply voltages.
• State the 3 assumptions used in analyzing a circuit containing ideal op-amp & the 3 implications associated with the assumptions.
• Draw circuit diagrams, derive the gain & determine all voltages, currents for the inverting amp. and non-inverting amp. voltage follower.
• Design an inverting or non-inverting amp. circuit to meet simple design objectives.
• Draw the circuit diagrams, analyze & design 3 different types of voltage-controlled voltage source & a current controlled current source.
• Draw the circuit diagram, analyze & design a linear combination circuit & a closed loop differential amp.
  
  

dc EFFECTS & LIMITATIONS:

• Non-inverting amplifier
• Inverting amplifier
• Offset voltage & currents
• Instrumentation amplifiers
  
  

• Draw a realistic low-frequency model of an op-amp showing differential input resistance, output resistance & open loop gain, indicate their typical values from op-amp data sheets.
• Draw the standard block diagram representation of a feedback amp. & show how the non-inverting amp. fits the model.
• Calculate the actual values of the low-frequency closed loop gain, the input resistance & the output resistance for the inverting & non-inverting op-amp circuits.
• Define the terms input offset voltage, input bias current & draw the equivalent circuit for determining their effects.
• Calculate dc output offset voltage arising from both the input offset voltage & the input bias currents.
• Analyze the instrumentation amp. circuit & discuss its advantage as compared to other basic amp. circuit.
  
  

ac EFFECTS & LIMITATIONS:

• Closed-loop frequency response
• Slew rate
• common-mode rejection
  
  

• Sketch the form of the open-loop gain of a typical op-amp.
• Define the unity gain frequency or gain-bandwidth product.
• Determine the closed-loop 3 dB bandwidth of an op-amp circuit & the resulting rise time.
• Define slew rate & discuss its significance.
• Determine the rise time resulting from the slew rate for a pulse wave form.
• Explain the difference between differential gain & common mode gain & show how to determine each.
• Define common mode rejection ratio & discuss its significance.
  

COMPARATORS:

• Open-loop comparators
• Comparators with positive feedback (Schmitt Trigger)
• LM 311 comparator
  

• Explain the operation of a comparator circuit and the terms saturating & non-saturating circuit, non-inverting & inverting comparator.
• Draw the schematic diagram & sketch the input/output characteristics of a non-inverting & inverting comparator circuit & show how bias voltage affects the transition level.
• Define hysteresis as it relates to a comparator.
• Draw the schmitt trigger circuit, explain its operation & discuss its advantages.
• Discuss the operation of an LM 311 comparator & the advantages of a dedicated comparator.